In an important development for Somalia, the federal parliament wrapped up its discussions on Chapter Four of the Provisional Constitution on February 9, 2026, and has now officially shifted its focus to Chapter Five. This progression marks a significant step in a constitutional review process that has not only been prolonged but has also revealed stark political divisions within the country.
During this joint session, which took place at the House of the People’s headquarters in Mogadishu, lawmakers engaged in their seventh meeting of the 12th parliament. Their discussions centered around potential amendments to Chapter Four, specifically examining Articles 49, 50, and 54. These articles outline critical components of the federal system, detailing the relationship between the central government and its member states, as well as the distribution of powers.
The session was led by Ali Shabaan Ibrahim, the first deputy speaker of the Upper House, alongside Abdullahi Omar Abshirow, the second deputy speaker of the House of the People, and Abdullahi Hirsi Timacadde, the second deputy speaker of the Upper House. Following the conclusion of the debate on Chapter Four, the parliament officially entered into discussions regarding Chapter Five of the Provisional Constitution, marking the continuation of Somalia’s long-awaited constitutional reform.
Ali Shabaan Ibrahim indicated that deliberations on Chapter Five would persist in future parliamentary sessions, suggesting that lawmakers are bracing themselves for more intricate and potentially contentious discussions ahead.
Notably, Monday's session was held without the participation of 25 lawmakers who had previously been suspended due to their alleged disruptive behavior during meetings. These suspended MPs publicly reiterated their firm opposition to any modifications to the Provisional Constitution just a day before, emphasizing the importance of achieving broad consensus and a unified national vision before proceeding with any amendments. They cautioned parliamentary leaders against advancing constitutional changes without sufficient agreement among all political parties.
The ongoing constitutional review process has emerged as one of the most divisive issues in the arena of Somali politics. It has faced significant pushback from opposition leaders and several federal member states including Puntland and Jubbaland. Detractors argue that the proposed amendments could lead to a concentration of power, undermining the principles of federalism, while the federal government defends the reforms as necessary for establishing a solid constitutional foundation and enhancing governance stability in Somalia.
As the parliament progresses to Chapter Five, the intensity of the debate is anticipated to escalate, posing a test for the legislature's ability to manage reform efforts in a climate of increasing political tension. How will these divisions shape the future of governance in Somalia? Let us know your thoughts!
